第二节 后元音/ɔː//ɒ/
一 发音秘诀
/ɔː/：长元音。发音时，舌尖离开下齿，舌后部抬高，舌位明显高于/ɒ/，双唇收得更圆，并须用力向前突出，肌肉和口腔处于紧张状态。牙床半开，比后元音/ɒ/的开口程度要小。如：warm/wɔːm/，law/lɔː/，call/kɔːl/，talk/tɔːk/等。
/ɒ/：短元音。发音时，舌尖离开下齿，舌身尽量后缩，舌后向软腭微微抬起，略高于后元音/ɑː/。双唇自然成圆形，略小于/ɑː/的开口，肌肉和整个口腔放松。牙床近于开，但略小于后元音/ɑː/。如：box/bɒx/，soft/sɒft/，body/'bɒdɪ/，want/wɒnt/等。
注意要点：（1）中国的英语学习者易将/ɒ/发成汉字“哦”的音。造成这种发音错误的原因是由于发音部位靠前，音调偏高。/ɒ/是后元音，发音时应注意将舌后部抬起，舌身向后缩，嘴的开口度较大。（2）/ɒ/和/ɔː/是两个不同音质的音，在唇位和舌位上有明显的差别，因此不能把/ɔː/简单地看成是/ɒ/的延长，区别主要有：发/ɔː/音时，双唇向前突出，使口腔扩大，产生共鸣，声音低沉；而发/ɒ/音时，双唇不用向前突出，口自然张开，声音短促清脆。发/ɒ/音时两颊肌肉放松；而发/ɔː/音时两颊肌肉紧张。（3）当/ɒ/音出现在除/f//s//g//ŋ//θ/之外的音前时，美音多读成/ɑ/。如：hot/hɑt/，dot/dɑt/，stop/stɑp/，clock/klɑk/等。在美式英语中，字母o后面如果有字母r，就要受到/r/的影响，读成/ɔr/，如：short/ʃɔrt/,door/dɔr/,more/mɔr/,court/kɔrt/等。
二 进阶训练
1.单词听读
ball/bɔːl/
n.舞会
knock/nɒk/
v.敲门,敲击
wash/wɒʃ/
v.洗，洗涤
office/'ɒfɪs/
n.办公室
watch/wɒtʃ/
v.观看,注意
strawberry/'strɔːbərɪ/
n.草莓
sock/sɒk/
n.短袜
walk/wɔːk/
v.步行,散步
horse/hɔːs/
n.马
audience/'ɔːdɪəns/
n.观众，听众
2.短语听读
in the long term
从长远来看
keep a close watch on
密切注意
cross the border
越过边界
draw to a halt
停下来
3.句子听读
The doctor's daughter knocked at the locked door.
医生的女儿敲了敲上了锁的门。
Paul played a gong at the end of the song.
保罗在歌曲的结尾敲起了大锣。
He borrowed a horse from the people in the small village.
他从那个小村庄的居民那里借了一匹马。
While I was mopping the floor,I heard a knock on the door.
我在拖地的时候，听到有人在敲门。
I picked him for a swindler the first time I saw him and I wasn't far wrong.
我第一次见他就看出他是个骗子，我可是没怎么看错。
三 英语悦读
1.成语谚语
A little pot is soon hot.
壶小易热，量小易怒。
Beware of a silent dog and still water.
提防不叫的狗，小心静止的水。
Fingers were made before forks.
先有手，后有刀叉。
To put the cart before the horse.
本末倒置。
You must learn to craw l before you can walk.
先学会爬再学走。
2.绕口令
Knife and a fork,bottle and a cork,that is the way you spell New York.
刀子和叉子，瓶子和木塞，这是你拼写“纽约”的方法。
George saw there were a lot of spots on Tom's pocket and told Tom to wash them off with hot water.
乔治看见汤姆的口袋上有很多污点，告诉他用热水可以把污点洗掉。
While we were walking,we were watching window washers wash Washington's window with warm washing water.
我们边走路边看玻璃清洗工用热的洗涤水擦洗华盛顿家的窗户。
All I want is a proper cup of coffee made in a proper copper coffee pot. You can believe it or not,but I just want a cup of coffee in a proper coffee pot. Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots are of no use to me. If I can't have a proper cup of coffee in a proper copper coffee pot,I'll have a cup of tea!
我只想要一杯用真正铜制的咖啡壶煮的正统咖啡。信不信由你，我只想要一杯用真正铜制的咖啡壶煮的正统咖啡。锡制的咖啡壶和铁制的咖啡壶对我而言也是没用的。假如我不能要一杯用真正铜制的咖啡壶煮的正统咖啡，那我就要一杯茶吧！
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