能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词、过去分词,用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。
The teacher didn't allow the students to go swimming in the lake. 老师不允许学生去湖里游泳。
The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者别摸展览品。
【考例】 Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国卷I)
【答案】 to process
【解析】 动词require后常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,构成require sb. to do sth.结构。此处使用被动语态,构成be required to do sth.,故填to process,在句中作主语补足语。
【考例】 Passengers are permitted_______only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011天津卷)
A. to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
【答案】 A
【解析】 permit的用法有permit doing和permit sb. to do这两种形式。而此处使用了被动语态,故为sb. be permitted to do,即用不定式作主语补足语。
The naughty boy often made his little sister cry but today he was made to cry by his little sister. 那个淘气的男孩常常惹他的小妹妹哭,可是今天他被他的小妹妹给弄哭了。
【考例】 Let those in need_______that we will go all out to help them.(2013陕西卷)
A. to understand
B. understand
C. understanding
D. understood
【答案】 B
【解析】 动词let后接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示与宾语those in need之间为主动关系,构成短语let sb. do sth.。故选B项。
【考例】 The director had her assistant_______some hot dogs for the meeting.(2008全国卷Ⅱ)
A. picked up
B. picks up
C. pick up
D. picking up
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查省to的不定式作宾补。此处是director让她的助手主动做的动作,使役动词have可接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
She looked at the dog jump over the fence. 她看见狗跳过篱笆。
The man was seen climbing into the shop. 有人看见那男人正要爬进商店。
Last night I heard a song sung in English. 昨天晚上,我听见有人用英语唱了一首歌。
【考例】 Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it_______live is quite another.(2015浙江卷)
A. perform
B. performing
C. to perform
D. being performed
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意为:在家里面听音乐是一回事,去现场听绝对又是另一回事。“hear it_______”中it作宾语,空格处缺少宾语补足语。由于it指代的是music,与“表演”(perform)含有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以选择D项。
【考例】 The manager was satisfied to see many new products_______after great effort.(2014四川卷)
A. having developed
B. to develop
C. developed
D. develop
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为:在付出巨大努力之后,看到很多新产品被研发出来,经理很满意。此题考查的是非谓语动词作感官动词see的宾语补足语,develop与宾语products之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。
【考例】 I looked up and noticed a snake_______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012四川卷)
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意为:我抬头看见一条蛇正向树上蜿蜒爬行去捕捉它的早餐。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。wind its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作当时正在进行,故选C项。
【考例】 Listen! Do you hear someone_______for help?(2010湖南卷)
A. calling
B. call
C. to call
D. called
【答案】 A
【解析】 该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补,根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to,由此排除C项。由“Listen”可判断此处表示有人正在求救,故应用现在分词作宾语补足语,故选A项。
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