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高考真题冲刺突破(五)

时间:2023-02-25 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:可知,戴尔卡耐基在与很多困难做斗争,目的就是为了获得受教育的机会,所以答案选B。根据上文中提到的“戴尔不得不在完成日常农活的间隙学习”可知,他无法参加许多学校活动,原因是他没有时间。

[学习建议:第20天完成]

Section 1:线索定位训练

下面的真题中已将已知线索加粗,主要目标是训练同学们养成寻找已知线索的习惯。

Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.

It was a need that he first 1 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 2 , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the 3 at colleg, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 4 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 5 he didn't have the time or the 6 . He had only one good suit. He tried 7 the football tea, but the coach turned him down for being too 8 . During this period Dale was slowly 9 an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew could 10 him from achieving his real potential. She 11 that Dale join the debating tea, believing that 12 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.

Dale took his mother's advic, tried desperately and after several attempts 13 made it. This proved to be a 14 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 15 he needed. By the time Dale was a senio, he had won every top honor in 16 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and the,  17 , were winning contests.

Out of this early struggle to 18 his feelings of inferiorit, Dale came to understand that the ability to 19 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. An,  20 i, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.

1. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized

2. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction

3. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment

4. A. between B. during C. over D. through

5. A. while B. when C. because D. though

6. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes

7. A. on B. for C. in D. with

8. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing

9. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining

10. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free

11. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted

12. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential

13. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally

14. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning

15. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence

16. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming

17. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact

18. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build

19. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat

20. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:本文讲述了戴尔•卡耐基的成长经历。他从小家境贫困,无法参加许多学校活动,慢慢变得自卑,但是在妈妈的鼓励下,他学会了演讲,重获信心,并在演讲比赛中夺冠。

1. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 承认;B. 填充,装满;C. 提供;D. 认识到;认出

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。上文信息提出,戴尔•卡耐基之所以从默默无闻变得国际知名,是因为他找到了一个方法来满足人们共同的需要。这个需要是1906年年轻的戴尔在上大三的时候意识到的,所以答案选D。注意本句是一个强调句型,强调的是recognize的宾语need。

2. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 任务;工作;B. 教育;C. 优势;D. 指导

解题分析:根据下文信息he was struggling against many difficulties. His dad couldn't afford…at colleg, so Dale had to…,Study had to be done…可知,戴尔•卡耐基在与很多困难做斗争,目的就是为了获得受教育的机会,所以答案选B。

3. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 培训;B. (在外住宿的)膳食;C. 教学;D. 设备

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文信息His family was poor和下文信息so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes可知,戴尔家很穷,他不得不骑马跑12英里去上学,可以判断空格所在句的意思是戴尔的父亲支付不起戴尔的住校膳食费用,所以答案选B。

4. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 在两者之间;B. 在……期间;C. 超过;越过;D. 通过

解题分析:根据上下文的语义可知,戴尔不得不在完成日常农活的间隙学习,因此选A。

5. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 当……时;然而,尽管;B. 当……时;C. 因为;D. 尽管

解题分析:考查因果逻辑。根据上文中提到的“戴尔不得不在完成日常农活的间隙学习”可知,他无法参加许多学校活动,原因是他没有时间。上下文之间存在着因果关系,所以答案选C。

6. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 允许;许可证;B. 兴趣;C. 才能;D. 服装

解题分析:根据下文信息He had only one good suit可知,他只有一套好看的衣服,因此他无法参加许多学校活动的另一个原因是缺少服装,所以答案选D。其他选项上下文均没有提到,故排除。

7. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. (穿或戴)上;在……上;B. 为了;对于;C. 在……里;D. 与……一起;用

解题分析:考查介词用法和上下文语义逻辑。根据下文信息but the coach turned him down可知,教练拒绝了他。这说明上文应该是说他申请参加足球队,try for有“谋求;争取”的意思,所以答案选B。

8. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 轻的;淡的;B. 灵活的;C. 乐观的;D. 外向的

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。B、C、D三项都不能成为教练拒绝的理由,但如果队员过于瘦弱,体重过轻就可能不适合足球这项运动,所以答案选A。

9. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 赢得;B. 实现;C. 形成,发展;D. 获得

解题分析:根据上下文语义可知,在这个时期,戴尔慢慢有了自卑感。develop强调形成、发展的过程,与空格前的slowly相呼应,所以答案选C。

10. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 阻止;B. 保护;C. 挽救;D. 使……免受

解题分析:考查固定搭配和上下文语义逻辑。prevent sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻碍某人做某事”,在文中表示他妈妈知道这种自卑感会阻碍他发挥自身真正的潜能,符合上下文含义,所以答案选A。

11. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 建议;B. 强烈要求;C. 请求;D. 坚持要求;坚持认为

解题分析:考查同义重现。根据下文信息Dale took his mother's advice可知,此处表示他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队,所以答案选A。

12. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 出席;B. 练习;C. 耐心;D. 潜力

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。妈妈认为练习演讲会让他变得自信,所以答案选B。其他几个选项代入后都不符合上下文的逻辑。

13. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 有希望地;B. 当然;C. 最后;D. 自然地

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文信息tried和after several attempts以及下文信息made it可知,卡耐基经过几次尝试后,最后终于成功了,所以答案选C。

14. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 关键的;B. 突发的;C. 基本的;D. 转折的

解题分析:考查固定搭配。turning point表示“转折点”,所以答案选D。

15. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 进步;B. 经历;经验;C. 能力,技能;D. 自信

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据上文信息speaking could give him the confidence可知,此处表达的是,在很多人面前发表演讲确实帮助他培养了他所需要的自信,所以答案选D。

16. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 骑马;B. 足球;C. 演讲;D. 务农

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据上文信息Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence可知,演讲让他有了自信,他上大四的时候,赢得了所有演讲比赛的冠军,所以答案选C。

17. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 作为回报;B. 简言之;C. 轮流;继而;D. 实际上

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。现在,其他学生都来向他寻求指导,而他们也继而赢得了比赛,所以答案选C。其他选项代入后都不符合上下文逻辑。

18. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 传达;B. 克服;C. 理解;D. 建设;培养

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文的developing an inferiority complex和下文的Dale came to understand可知,此处是说“出于他之前克服自卑感的努力,戴尔开始明白了……”,所以答案选B。

19. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 表达;B. 强调;C. 贡献;导致;D. 重复

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。根据上文的join the debating team和speaking before groups可知,戴尔开始明白向听众表达观点的能力培养了一个人的自信,所以答案选A。

20. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 除……之外;B. 超出;C. 像;D. 拥有;随着

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑。空格后的it是指上文的a person's confidenc, 即自信心,戴尔知道有了自信,他能够做任何他想要做的事情。所以答案选D。

Section 1:真题精练

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When our restaurant business faile, we headed north in a camping truck to Texa, hoping to have a"fresh start".

At the 1 of Palo Duro Canyon(峡谷)State Par, I 2 a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a 3 , permanent campsite in the par, and 4 , the hosts served as a link between the park's guests and the rangers(护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an 5 for the following day.

The park was 6 , so it took us some time to find an available site. That evenin, as we finished our dinne, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬)walking toward our table. We 7 climbed onto the table an, for the next four hour, waited for them to 8 our camp.

Having survived that nigh, we were 9 that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our 10 and gave us a beautiful campsite.

That evenin,  11 , we learned about the canyon 12 . They were strong and col, rocking our little camping truck violentl, and we lay 13 in the dark until the winds died away.

 14 the weeks that followe, we learned to survive in our truck and 15 the little money my wife 16 by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful 17 . For a time after our business 18 I thought I might lose my family as well.

Living in the tiny 19 with no televisio, we sat close together reading and talking. One evenin, standing under a jeweled sk, I found myself 20 for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!

1. A. back B. edge C. centre D. entrance

2. A. sponsored B. published C. noticed D. answered

3. A. safe B. free C. convenient D. beautiful

4. A. in return B. in time C. in short D. in turn

5. A. attempt B. agreement C. appeal D. appointment

6. A. crowded B. dangerous C. ideal D. quiet

7. A. repeatedly B. immediately C. eventually D. calmly

8. A. attack B. leave C. pass D. search

9. A. satisfied B. determined C. confident D. aware

10. A. responsibilities B. requirements C. circumstances D. conditions

11. A. moreover B. therefore C. meanwhile D. however

12. A. winds B. snows C. woods D. trails

13. A. shaking B. quarrelling C. mourning D. aching

14. A. After B. Between C. During D. Beyond

15. A. give away B. hand out C. live on D. put aside

16. A. borrowed B. earned C. posted D. raised

17. A. business B. career C. family D. image

18. A. started B. failed C. declined D. expanded

19. A. truck B. park C. house D. camp

20. A. desperate B. ready C. suitable D. thankful

Section 2:答案详解

文章大意:作者经营餐厅失败以后,全家坐着一辆货车去得克萨斯州重新开始生活。他在帕罗杜洛峡谷州立公园找到了一份工作。这份工作让他们全家得到了一处免费的宿营地,在这处营地他们经历了动物的侵扰和暴风的侵袭,但正是这些苦难让他们的家庭成员之间的关系更加紧密。

1. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 后面;B. 边缘;C. 中心;D. 入口处

解题分析:根据下文中的hiring park hosts和本段最后一句中的We entered the park可知,“我们”现在应该是在公园的入口处,看到了招聘广告,所以正确答案为D。

2. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 赞助;倡议;B. 出版,发行;C. 注意到;D. 回答

解题分析:根据上文中的when our restaurant business failed和hoping to have a"fresh start"可知,作者是在找工作,因此应是注意到一则招聘广告,所以正确答案为C。

3. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 安全的;B. 免费的;C. 便利的,方便的;D. 美丽的

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据本段倒数第二句中的a rent-free place可知,园方免费给得到这个职位的人在公园里提供一处可长期居住的营地,所以正确答案为B。

4. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 作为回报;B. 及时;C. 简言之;D. 依次,轮流

解题分析:考查上下文逻辑关系。上文提到园方提供免费的营地,下文提到a link between the park's guests and the ranger, 即受聘者要充当游客和护林人之间联系的纽带,这是一种交换关系,所以正确答案为A。

5. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 尝试;企图;B. 协议;C. 上诉;呼吁;D. 约会,约定

解题分析:考查固定搭配和语义逻辑。根据上文提到的It was the perfect solution可知,“我”想要这份工作,因此应是和对方约好第二天见面,以商讨工作事宜,所以正确答案为D。make an appointment表示“约定,约好见面”。

6. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 拥挤的;B. 危险的;C. 理想的;D. 安静的

解题分析:根据下文信息it took us some time to find an available site可知,“我们”花了一些时间才找到一个空闲的地方,说明公园里人很多,所以正确答案为A。

7. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 反复地;B. 立刻,马上;C. 最后,终于;D. 镇定地;平静地

解题分析:本题是常识题。根据上文信息my wife saw two large skunks walking toward our table可知,两只很大的臭鼬朝“我们”的桌子走了过来,“我们”肯定很害怕,应是立刻做出反应,正确答案为B。

8. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 攻击,袭击;B. 离开;C. 通过,经过;D. 搜寻

解题分析:由上文提到的“我们”立即躲避臭鼬可知,“我们”很希望它们尽快离开,应是等待它们离开营地。所以正确答案为B。

9. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 满意的;B. 意志坚定的;C. 有信心的;D. 意识到的;知道的

解题分析:根据上文中的having survived that night和下文中的everything else would be all right可知,那天晚上“我们”成功躲避了臭鼬,所以就想当然地认为之后其他的事应该也不是问题,所以正确答案为C。

10. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 责任,职责;B. 要求;C. 情况;D. 条件

解题分析:考查上下文的逻辑关系。由上文中的I made an appointment for the following day和the next day we met with the people who ran the park可知,“我”和公园负责人约好第二天见面,公园负责人告诉“我们”该职位的职责,所以正确答案为A。

11. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 而且;B. 因此;C. 与此同时;D. 然而

解题分析:考查上下文的逻辑关系。上文提到everything else would be all righ, 然而从下文中的rocking our little camping truck violently…until the winds died away可知,情况和“我们”预料的恰好相反,所以正确答案为D。

12. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 风;B. 雪;C. 树林;D. 足迹

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据下文中的until the winds died away可知,本段讲述的是峡谷的风,所以正确答案为A。

13. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 发抖;摇动;B. 争吵;C. 哀悼;D. 疼痛

解题分析:根据上文信息They were strong and cold可知,风很大、很冷,因此“我们”肯定是感觉寒冷而浑身发抖,所以正确答案为A。

14. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 在……之后;B. 在两者之间;C. 在……期间;D. 超过

解题分析:根据语义逻辑可知,在接下来的几个星期里,“我们”学会了在货车里生存下来,所以正确答案为C。

15. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 赠送;泄露;B. 分发;C. 以……为生;D. 不考虑;放在一边

解题分析:根据上文信息可知,生意失败,“我们”没有很多钱,应是靠妻子做代课教师挣得的一点钱生活,所以正确答案为C。

16. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 借来;B. 挣得;C. 邮寄;D. 提高

解题分析:根据下文信息by substitute teaching可知,此处表示作者的妻子做代课教师挣钱,所以正确答案为B。

17. 【答案】C

选项翻译:A. 生意;B. 生涯;事业;C. 家庭;D. 形象

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据本段最后一句中的I thought I might lose my family as well可知,“我”本以为自己可能还会失去家庭。因此空格所在句是说生意成功而后失败让“我”很少有时间来经营一个成功的家庭,所以正确答案为C。

18. 【答案】B

选项翻译:A. 开始;B. 失败;C. 降低;D. 扩充

解题分析:考查上下文语义逻辑和原词重现。根据上文信息Building a successful business and then losing it和after my business可知,此处表示“我”在生意失败后的一段时间里,甚至觉得可能连家庭都保不住了,而且文章首句出现了答案选项faile, 所以正确答案为B。

19. 【答案】A

选项翻译:A. 货车;B. 公园;C. 房子;D. 营地

解题分析:考查原词重现。根据文章第一句中的we headed north in a camping truck、第五段中的our little camping truck和倒数第二段中的we learned to survive in our truck可知,此处应填truc, tiny是little的同义替换,所以正确答案为A。

20. 【答案】D

选项翻译:A. 绝望的;B. 准备好的;C. 适合的;D. 感谢的

解题分析:根据下文信息We had become a family可知,“我们”所应对的困难让家庭成员之间关系更紧密了,“我”发现自己很感谢经历的所有苦难,所以正确答案为D。

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