众所周知,英语有九个时态,其中一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、将来时比较常用。在翻译当中,这些时态的翻译也各有特点。
(一)一般时态(现在,过去)
这两种时态翻译比较简单,一般是按照原文顺序,也无特别明显的标志词。如:
Farmers and nomadic hunters alike enjoyed gathering around the fire,especially on wintry nights,to hear the tales of the storyteller.
参考译文为“农民们和游猎者都尤其喜欢在寒冬的夜晚,围坐在火堆周围,倾听讲故事的人讲述一个又一个故事。”
Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants,A-mericans are dining out more than ever,the U.S.Agriculture Department said Tuesday.
参考译文为“据美国农业部周二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康,美国人外出用餐更频繁。”
(二)进行时态(现在,过去)
这两种时态强调“正在”,所以在翻译时要注意是否有与此有关的词语。如:
The gap of income between the wealthiest and the poorest families in the USA is widening though the national economy began to pick up in the 1990s.
参考译文为“尽管20世纪90年代全国经济复苏,美国家庭最富有者和最贫穷者收入之间的差距正在继续扩大。”
While I was answering,I spotted an apple-cheeked little boy who didn’t even reach the height of that man’s waist.
参考译文为“我正在回答的时候,眼光向下,就看见了个头还不到男人腰际的小男孩儿。”
(三)完成时态(现在,过去)
完成时态强调“已经”,在译文中要有所体现。如:
There has been plenty of publicity about“sudden-wealth syndrome”(also known as“affluenza”)—evidence mainly of the fact that comparatively indigent journalists like to write about the new rich having a bad time,despite their fast cars and swanky houses.
参考译文为“关于‘暴富综合征’(亦称‘富裕病’)已经有不少的宣传——其证据主要基于这样一种事实:经济上较为贫困的新闻工作者们愿意写一些关于新贵日子不好过的消息,尽管他们拥有高速轿车和漂亮住房。”
Yet it is curious to notice how offensive weapons—particularly nuclear weapons—have gained superiority over defensive weapons in the modern world’s military balance,and we can expect nanotechnology to yield similar weapons of mass destruction.
参考译文为“然而人们急于知道的是:这些攻击性武器(特别是核武器)在现代全球军事平衡中是如何赢得优势,胜过防御性武器的;我们可望用纳米技术生产类似的大规模破坏性武器。”
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