腺苷为体内固有的一种核苷酸,静脉快速注射腺苷可终止折返性室上性心律失常。
【药理作用】
腺苷为内源性嘌呤核苷酸,腺苷通过与特异性G蛋白结合,作用于腺苷受体,激活乙酰胆碱敏感K+通道,抑制窦房结传导,降低正常自律性。腺苷抑制房室传导,延长房室结不应期,以上作用与其促进K+外流及抑制cAMP激活的Ca2+内流有关。
【临床药动学】
静脉注射腺苷后迅速起效,其血浆半衰期极短,约10s。该药可被体内大多数组织细胞所摄取,并被腺苷脱氨酶灭活。使用时需静脉快速注射给药,否则在药物到达心脏前即被灭活。
【适应证】
主要用于迅速终止折返性室上性心律失常。
【剂量及用法】
注射液:3mg/ml。一次快速静脉注射6mg,如果1~2min后心律失常未得到控制,可静注12mg,如果需要,可再次静注12mg。
【不良反应】
常有颜面潮红、头痛、恶心、呕吐、咳嗽、胸闷、胸痛等副作用。严重的副作用有窦性停搏、房室传导阻滞等,故对有窦房结和(或)房室传导功能障碍的患者不适用。支气管痉挛和心房颤动发作则罕见。
【药物相互作用】
双嘧达莫(潘生丁)阻断腺苷的摄取,从而使其作用增强。茶碱和咖啡因能阻断腺苷受体,若合用上述药物或饮用含上述药物的饮料时,需加大腺苷的用药量。
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