总之,人体的内环境是靠各个系统交叉多途、错综复杂的作用来维持动态平衡的,其中RAAS系统,交感-副交感神经系统,甚至激肽-缓激肽系统,凝血-纤溶系统等均参与了血压水平的调节。肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)在调节血压及液体平衡中起到了非常重要的作用。而外环境如气候、季节变换,社会工作压力等因素均可以通过RAAS介导来影响血压水平。
另外,最近于Am J Hypertention上发表的文章提示,经过ARB及ACEI治疗后,高血压病患者的左心房最大收缩张力及应变率明显高于治疗前,有望改善左心房功能。该结果有助于人们对拮抗RAAS系统可以防治房颤机制的认识。围绕RAAS相关的基因多态性研究正在多个地方积极开展。人类基因组学研究的进展可能将给高血压病的治疗带来新的方向,美国已经允许部分遗传基因相关高血压疾病(Liddle综合征等)采取临床基因诊断指导下的降压治疗。但大多高血压都是多基因疾病并与环境相关,这给基因诊治带来困难,具体将在其他章节有详细阐述。
在今后的5年内,将会有更多新的临床研究涉及RAAS的双重联合阻断问题,而且将会更加关注联合治疗对于靶器官及终点事件的影响。NEPHRON-D研究将入选1 850例高血压合并糖尿病患者。再次比较双重RAAS阻断与单药治疗的差别。ALTITUDE研究将入选更多的患者,以比较肾素抑制药联合ACE抑制药或ARB后对心血管事件及肾病终点事件的影响。
围绕RAAS轴,今后将会有诸如内皮素受体拮抗药、血管紧张素及内皮素受体双重拮抗药、ARB中性内肽酶拮抗药等一批新药问世,这些药将会拓宽人们关于高血压机制研究及治疗方面的视野。无庸置疑,RAAS作为高血压病理生理反应中一个至关重要的调节轴心,其纵深研究必将给人类高血压病的治疗带来新的福音。
(肖平喜)
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