首页 理论教育 预后估计与预防

预后估计与预防

时间:2023-03-14 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:HCM的预后与年龄、病情轻重及治疗措施是否恰当有关。2010年,上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心报道,1999年5月至2009年12月诊治的HCM 80例,失访23例,随访的57例中,1年生存率94.1%,2年生存率72.7%,5年生存率50%。HCM病变是进行性的,虽然发展缓慢,但是不可逆的,并且可能发生突变或猝死。对猝死高危患者的一级预防,须针对致严重心律失常的机制,采用药物或置入ICD。目前认为,ICD是预防高危HCM患者猝死的最有价值的措施。

HCM的预后与年龄、病情轻重及治疗措施是否恰当有关。有症状的婴儿特别是伴有心力衰竭和青紫的患儿,5年病死率达80%以上。2010年,上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心报道,1999年5月至2009年12月诊治的HCM 80例,失访23例,随访的57例中,1年生存率94.1%,2年生存率72.7%,5年生存率50%。HCM病变是进行性的,虽然发展缓慢,但是不可逆的,并且可能发生突变或猝死。<10岁猝死率可达每年6%~8%,只有极少数可减轻,50%死于强体力活动当时或活动后即刻,很多亚临床型患者虽然精力充沛但仍有猝死的可能。认识猝死的危险指标并进行危险性评估,对防止猝死、改善预后有着十分重要的意义。

目前认为猝死的危险指标包括:①有猝死家族史;②有无法解释的晕厥;③极度的左心室肥厚;④Holter监测出现非持续性室性心动过速;⑤运动后血压反应异常(直立运动低血压反应);⑥肌钙蛋白T基因突变。同时存在2项及以上危险指标的患者,为猝死高危者。儿童仅有1项晕厥史者,即为高危患者。

对猝死高危患者的一级预防,须针对致严重心律失常的机制,采用药物或置入ICD。对心脏停搏和(或)室性心动过速复苏成功者的二级预防,则是直接置入ICD。目前认为,ICD是预防高危HCM患者猝死的最有价值的措施。

(汪 翼 马沛然)

参考文献

[1]Maron BJ,Towbin JA,Thiene G,et al.Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies:an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology,Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee;Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups;and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention.Circulation,2006,113:1807- 1816.

[2]Colan SD.Classification of the cardiomyopathies.Progress in Pediatric Cardiology,2007,23:5-15.

[3]Elliott P,Andersson B,Arbustini E,et al.Classification of the cardiomyopathies:aposition statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.Eur Heart J,2008,29:270-276.

[4]Maron BJ.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:a systematic review.JAMA,2002,287:1308-1320.

[5]Arola A,okinen E,Ruuskanen O et al.Epidemiology of idiopathic cardiomyopathies in children and adolescents.A nationwide study in Finland.Am J Epidemiol,1997,146:385-393.

[6]Skinner JR,Manzoor A,Hayes AM et al.A regional study of presentation and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants.Heart,1997,77:229-233.

[7]马沛然.肥厚型心肌病.汪 翼,马沛然主编.小儿病毒性心肌炎和原发性心肌病.济南:济南出版社,2000:398-408.

[8]Seidman JG,Seidman C.The genetic basis for cardiomyopathy:from mutation identification to mechanistic paradigms.Cell,2001,104:557-567.

[9]Basso C,Thiene G,Corrado D,et al.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death in the young:pathologic evidence of myocardial ischemia.Hum Pathol,2000,31:988-998.

[10]Fokstuen S,Lyle R,Munoz A,et al.A DNA resequencing array for pathogenic mutation detection in hypertrophiccardiomyopathy.Hum Mutat,2008,29:879-885.

[11]姚渭清,陈树宝,王荣发,等.婴儿肥厚型心肌病七例报告.中华儿科杂志,2000,38:453-454.

[12]Bruno E,Maisuls H,Juaneda E,et al.Clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the young.Cardiol Young,2002,12:147-152.

[13]Ryan MP,Cleland JG,French JA.The standard electrocardiogram as a screening test for hyvpertrophic cardiornyopathy.American Journal of Cardiology,1995,76:689-694.

[14]张鸿丽,张海澄,周北玲,等.肥厚型心肌病患者心电图分析.临床心电学杂志,2007,16:1-4.

[15]邱厚兴,马沛然,赵崇华.肥厚型心肌病家系调查及彩色多普勒心肌显像诊断肥厚型心肌病价值的研究.中国全科医学杂志,1998,1:79-82.

[16]Martin S Maron.心脏核磁共振成像技术在肥厚型心肌病中的应用现状及最新进展.中华心血管病杂志,2009,37:1057-1063.

[17]闫朝武,赵世华,李 华,等.肥厚型心肌病患者临床特征及肥厚节段分析.中华心血管病杂志,2010,38:781-785.

[18]中华医学会心血管分会中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会中国心肌病诊断与治疗建议工作组.心肌病诊断与治疗建议.中华心血管病杂志,2007,35:5-16.

[19]Ostman-Smith I,Wettrell G,Riesenfeld T.A cohort study of childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:improved survival following high-dose beta-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment.J Am Coll cardiol,1999,34:1813-1822.

[20]Udelson JE,Borrow RO,O'Gara PT,et al.Verapamil prevents silent myocardial perfusion abnormaliyies during exercise in asymptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Circulation,1989,79:1052.

[21]Sigwart U.Non-surgical myocardial reduction for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.Lancet,1995,346:211-214.

[22]Bhagwandeen R,Woo A,Ross J,et al.Septal ethanol ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:early and intermediate results of a Canadian referral centre.Can J Cardiol,2003,19:912-917.

[23]Alam M,Dokainish H,Lakkis N.Alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy:a systematic review of published studies.J Interv Cardiol,2006,19:319-327.

[24]张 旭,钱明阳,陈纪言,等.小儿肥厚型心肌病行经皮经腔室间隔心肌消融术1例报道.2010全国小儿心血管疾病学术会议资料汇编.2010:120.

[25]McLeod CJ,Ommen SR,Ackerman MJ,et al.Surgical septal myoctomy decreases The risk for appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge In obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Eur Heart J,2007,28:2583-2588.

[26]Zeng Z,Wang F,Dou X,et al.Comparition of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation versus septal myectomy for the treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyupathy-a meta analysis.Int J Cardiol,2006,112:80-84.

[27]Ablam M,Dokainish H,Lakkis NM.Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyupathy-alcohol septal ablation vs.myectomy:a meta analysis.Eur Heart J,2009,30:1080-1087.

[28]姚渭清,陈树宝.小儿肥厚型心肌病研究进展.陈树宝主编.小儿心脏病学进展.北京:科学出版社,2005:274-279.

[29]Spirito P,Maron BJ.肥厚型心肌病猝死危险因素分层.中华心血管病杂志,2009,3:294-297.

免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。

我要反馈