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腰骶椎后旁入路(切口)

时间:2023-03-15 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:第一步:后正中切口,也可分别距棘突2~3横指纵向切开皮肤。行正中切口时,需向外侧分离皮下组织,距中线约5cm切开腰背筋膜。电凝关节突周围血管分支。

(一)暴露

有限剥离腰椎后方肌肉,减少术后腰肌瘢痕化和慢性疼痛。

(二)适应证

腰骶椎的横突间融合,椎弓根固定;切除腰椎极外侧椎间盘;腰椎经椎间孔椎间融合术。

(三)手术步骤

1.术前准备 同后正中入路。

2.麻醉 气管内插管全身麻醉或硬脊膜外麻醉。

3.体位 同后正中入路。

4.手术操作程序

(1)第一步:后正中切口,也可分别距棘突2~3横指纵向切开皮肤。行正中切口时,需向外侧分离皮下组织,距中线约5cm切开腰背筋膜(图2-43)。

(2)第二步:沿多裂孔肌和最长肌间隙钝性分离(图2-44),暴露小关节突和横突尖部(图2-45)。置入撑开器(图2-46)。电凝关节突周围血管分支(图2-47)。

图2-43 切开腰背筋膜
A.手术切口;B、C.手术切口和筋膜切开

图2-44 沿肌间隙钝性分离

图2-45 暴露横突尖部

图2-46 置入撑开器
A.轴位;B.后面观

图2-47 关节突周围的血管
腰椎节段血管肌支:1.关节间动脉;2、3.关节上动脉;4.交通动脉;5.关节下动脉

(刘少喻 王 立 曾昭池)

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