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椎间盘退变的相关因子

时间:2023-03-16 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:椎间盘的力学特性与椎间盘自身发生变性与否有很大的差异。随着髓核逐渐退变其生理功能也发生改变,纤维环的应力由此变得不规则,在此基础上椎间盘大多因遭受外伤而发生断裂。基质合成能的抑制因素有低负重、过度负重、振动以及椎间盘的氧供低下等,而促进因素则有嗜碱性成纤维细胞增殖因子等。长时间或者反复过度的载荷、吸烟等造成椎间盘的氧供低下,抑制椎间盘的基质合成,基质含量减少导致椎间盘的变性。

椎间盘的力学特性与椎间盘自身发生变性与否有很大的差异。椎间盘从20岁起就开始发生退化变性,随着椎间盘的退变髓核内的含水量和黏多糖减少,黏多糖蛋白复合体的分解和胶原蛋白纤维化的增加是髓核变性的原因,但是在纤维环随着年龄老化而发生黏多糖蛋白复合体和胶原纤维含量、组成的变化不大。随着髓核逐渐退变其生理功能也发生改变,纤维环的应力由此变得不规则,在此基础上椎间盘大多因遭受外伤而发生断裂。

对椎间盘功能来说最为重要的蛋白多糖合成能,在生理性内压下显示为最大数值。基质合成能的抑制因素有低负重、过度负重、振动以及椎间盘的氧供低下等,而促进因素则有嗜碱性成纤维细胞增殖因子(bFGF)等。长时间或者反复过度的载荷、吸烟等造成椎间盘的氧供低下,抑制椎间盘的基质合成,基质含量减少导致椎间盘的变性。

(张晓阳)

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