(一)吸烟
吸烟可诱发或加重血管内皮功能异常,促进凝血,诱发氧化应激,干扰脂蛋白代谢,加重炎症反应和胰岛素抵抗,增加冠心病死亡率。所以,所有冠心病患者都应戒烟。
(二)高血压
通过药物与非药物干预,将患者血压降至140/90mmHg以下,有心肌梗死病史、合并糖尿病、慢性肾病和脑卒中史者降至130/80mmHg以下。选择降压药物时,应优先考虑β受体阻滞药和ACEI。
(三)糖代谢异常
研究表明,超过2/3的冠心病患者存在糖代谢异常,除显性糖尿病外,糖耐量减低、空腹血糖异常均增加冠心病患者的事件发生率,影响其预后,应给予相应的关注和处理。
(宋尚明)
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