碘过量的甲状腺外的危害十分罕见。当给予大剂量的碘时,最常见到的甲状腺外损伤是涎腺炎。另外还可能出现一过性的急性腮腺和其他唾液腺的肿胀。当局部或全身暴露于碘环境下,可以导致严重的皮肤损伤。碘病(iodism)和碘过敏也可以见到,前者以口中金属味,恶心,唾液腺肿胀,硬结性皮肤病变和黏膜易激惹为临床特点;后者会有发热,类结节性多动脉炎,嗜曙红细胞增多等表现。
(李晨阳)
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