肠内营养的护理

1．密切观察病情和加强护理，加强环境清洁卫生，污染的床单应及时更换，尽力减少污染的因素。

2．EN营养液的配制应仿照TPN营养液的配制原则，尽量避免污染。每次仅配制当日量，低温保存，输注时饮食的温度应接近室温，配好的饮食在容器中保存时间不应超过8h，新鲜饮食不应与已使用过的饮食混合。配制前应检查要素饮食等原料的质量，防止霉变、腐败的食物引起细菌或真菌性肠炎。

3．喂养管的管理不当可引起病人明显不适，应该像管理中心静脉导管一样管理EN喂养管，包括定时检查导管入口，更换敷料，避免长期不变位置的固定胶布。每日更换输液管及吊瓶。每次输完以100ml液体清洗喂养管。

4．每日输注前应注意病人有无腹胀，必要时应抽取胃液以观察胃内容物的量和色泽。

5．每日详细记录出入量，配合医生做好各项临床监测。

6．使用输液泵时，护士应熟悉其性能及操作技术，并掌握排除有关故障的知识。

7．关心和爱护病人，做好思想工作，加强心理护理，使病人建立起战胜疾病的信心。应了解所输注的营养液组成与效用，以便得到病人密切的配合。

（罗一成　孙丽娟　蒋晓兰）

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