三、本书研究的对象及重点
联合国《十字路口上的电子政府》(E-Government at the Crossroads)报告中指出,世界上大多数政府都有自己的网站,但可以接入互联网的人中,只有20%的人登录这些网站。面对席卷全球的信息化浪潮,单靠政府、企业等个别组织的力量来整合社会信息资源已经难以适应现代社会的发展,需要有全新的理念、系统的思想来重新审视公共信息资源,并在概念界定、性质特征、管理体制、运行机制、制度规范以及如何有效提供公共信息服务、实现公共信息资源管理的多元化参与等方面加强研究,以“盘活”庞大的公共信息资源,充分发挥其资源价值,而这也正是本书研究的初衷。
本书的研究对象是由“公共信息资源”和“多元化管理”的双重界定而确立的。众所周知,信息资源的概念十分复杂,广义的概念既包括信息内容,也包括信息机构、人员、设备和资金。为方便研究,本书采用了狭义的概念界定信息资源,即主要从信息内容角度进行分析;而公共信息资源主要指公共领域所产生、涉及和积累的信息资源,既包括存量信息资源也包括增量信息资源。同样,公共信息资源管理既指公共信息资源的生产与提供,也包含了对公共信息资源进行采集、加工、存储、传递、开发、利用及监控等一系列环节进行有效管理的过程(见图1-3)。而多元化管理则相对单纯的公共信息资源由政府生产、政府提供而言,意指市场模式、公益模式的运用。
图1-3 公共信息资源管理的生命周期
本书的研究重点是对公共信息资源开发利用的社会化运作和市场化运作问题的探讨。拟从概念界定的角度出发,将关注点放在公共信息资源的合理开发与全面共享上,力图通过经济学、行政学、社会学等不同视角对公共信息资源的特定管理属性进行分析,尤其是通过对基层公共信息资源管理的实际状况分析来追寻现代社会公共信息资源管理体制创新的不同层面及可行性,考察变迁的动因、新型体制的特点,政府与企业、第三部门公共信息资源开发利用的相互关系及运作绩效等现实问题。
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