三、鉴定注意事项
挤压伤多数为灾害事故所致,此类损伤多为群体性,死因明确,需要法医鉴定的案例较少。另外,因为工伤事故所致的挤压伤,由于理赔的需要而要求死因鉴定。散发的案例多见于拷打、长时间捆绑并固定于某一体位所致死亡案例,这类案例如不经过系统的尸体解剖,死因往往无法确定。因此,法医遇到此类案例时,首先需要详细了解案情,如果伤后住院治疗,还需详细调查有关病历、治疗情况等,以便全面掌握病情的发生和发展,对鉴定具有较大的帮助。
损伤的认定主要根据外伤史、临床表现及解剖所见来确定,特别是损伤部位大面积肌肉坏死、出血,结合有关的病情经过,综合分析确定死亡原因。另外还需排除疾病及其他原因致死的可能,特别是应注意排除用其他手段杀人致死后伪装挤压伤死亡的案件。
对于案情不明确、病史不详的案例,毒化检验必不可少;因为某些药物或毒物中毒导致昏迷后,自体压迫时间较长也可以形成挤压伤或挤压综合征;因此,系统的尸体解剖尤为重要。
(刘水平马艺列)
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