(20)随着ICRP87号出版物(ICRP,2000a)、《英国医学杂志》的特邀报告(Rehani和Berry,2000)和AJR2001年2月专刊的发布,人们将关注的目光投向了CT剂量控制的问题。有两篇论文阐述了儿童CT扫描中参数的不恰当选择(Paterson等,2001;Donnelly等,2001)。在此基础上,Brenner等人进一步报告了接受CT检查的儿童人群潜在发生癌症的风险。这些出版物提示儿童进行CT检查的人数越来越多(由于临床有效需求的原因),但是他们也警示我们CT检查数量不断增加会带来过度照射和儿童人群癌症发生率增加的潜在危险。在AJR杂志上由Lee F.Rogers撰写的社论中提到:“儿童检查过度,这令人非常遗憾。”这些报告同时引起了媒体的关注,从而临床和放射防护协会也承认应该更加慎重审核CT检查中的辐射剂量。有关CT中辐射剂量以及剂量控制的出版物数量明显增加。目前,生产厂家也更加重视降低辐射剂量,并在降低扫描时间的同时提高影像的最优化。近年来,所有生产厂家都已经将如何加强CT辐射剂量的控制作为重点列入议事日程。
(21)在2005年,委员会认识到MDCT的时代已经到来,一系列降低剂量的手段已面向市场。为此,委员会决定有必要修订ICRP第87号出版物(ICRP,2000a),来阐述这些降低剂量的手段、CT应用的新进展以及在医疗照射中不断增加的CT检查对集体剂量的贡献。除了对CT技术进展的评论外,还有一系列问题需要阐明,例如:
●MDCT的应用增加还是降低了患者剂量?
●对患者剂量增加的病例,引起剂量增加的原因是什么?
●新技术如何进行剂量的控制?
●CT操作者应该采取哪些措施?
●是否需要开展相关的特殊教育?
(22)和以前的报告相同,该报告的主要读者是医学成像专业人士:放射医师、心血管医师、技术人员、医学物理师和涉及患者剂量控制的研究人员。此外,这个报告提供的许多参考文献对于申请CT检查的医师、拥有CT扫描机的内科医师、国家执法和监管当局、生产厂家以及医院管理人员是有用的。
参考文献
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