第二节 小肠淋巴管瘤
淋巴管瘤比较少见,半数病例是先天性的,90%病例2岁前发病。其早期症状隐匿,引起的并发症往往与其他肠道疾病不易鉴别,通常于剖腹手术后方获确诊。许多学者认为,淋巴管瘤实际是淋巴管畸形,是胚胎发育时部分淋巴管未能与淋巴系统沟通而形成的囊性改变。也有人认为是炎症纤维化阻塞淋巴管形成淋巴回流障碍导致淋巴管扩张。有部分学者认为淋巴管瘤是真性肿瘤。
病理检查可见肠黏膜面散在多个水泡状肿块突向肠腔,直径大小为0.3~0.6cm;肠壁各层呈蜂窝状,囊内为清亮液体,囊壁厚0.05~0.1cm。镜检:肠黏膜上皮完好,上皮下各层内均见弥漫增生的淋巴管,大小不等,管壁内被覆单层扁平上皮,管腔高度扩张,内含红染淋巴液及少量淋巴细胞。黏膜层内固有腺体减少、萎缩,甚至消失,均被增生的淋巴管占据,浆膜层及肠系膜内可见囊状扩张的淋巴管。病理诊断为小肠海绵状淋巴管瘤。组织学分型主要为3型:毛细淋巴管瘤、海绵状淋巴管瘤和囊状淋巴管瘤,但也有3种形态同时存在而难以分型。淋巴管瘤主要发生于头、颈和腋窝,少见于内脏,而发生于小肠的淋巴管瘤则极为少见。临床主要有不明性质的腹痛、食欲不振。
一、鉴别诊断
病理诊断一般不难,有时需与下列疾病鉴别:①小肠淋巴管扩张症,有原发性和继发性两种。原发性小肠淋巴管扩张症主要见于儿童,是由先天性淋巴管梗阻性缺陷引起;继发者多自身同时并发其他疾病。②海绵状血管瘤,当海绵状淋巴管瘤继发出血时,在扩张的淋巴管内可见大量血细胞,易与海绵状血管瘤相混;但海绵状血管瘤的管腔相吻合,腔内充满血液,管腔内可以见到血栓,并进一步钙化。有时血管内皮细胞增生形成乳头突向管腔;而海绵状淋巴管瘤则无此改变。③淋巴管肌瘤病主要发生于生育期女性,患者有口服避孕药史,常发生于纵隔、淋巴结、肺,有时累及腹膜后。肿瘤内淋巴管壁由纤维构成,有时亦有平滑肌纤维,管壁间有时可见灶性淋巴细胞反应,而管腔内大多无淋巴液。
二、治疗
手术是治疗本病的唯一手段,应常规切除包括肿瘤在内的病变肠管送病理检查。
(余作黔)
参考文献
1.朱玲华,蔡秀军,牟一平,等.肠段切除治疗小肠淋巴管扩张3例.中华普通外科杂志,2006,21(8):610~611
2.孙钢,林雪.小肠淋巴管扩张症2例.中华内科杂志,2001,40(2):88
3.张冰凌,厉有名,陈春晓,等.胶囊内镜诊断小肠淋巴管扩张症2例.中华消化杂志,2007,27(3):206~207
4.张岚,关勤,戴希真,等.肠淋巴管扩张症及局限性淋巴管扩张.胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,1996,5(1):59~60
5.Aoyagi K,Iida M,Yao T,et al.Characteristic endoscopic features of intestinal lymphangiectasia:correlation with histological findings.Hepatogastroenterology,1997,44:133~137
6.Aoyagi K,Iida M,Yao T,et al.Intestinal lymphangiectasia:value of double-contrast radiographic study.Clin Radiol,1994,49:814~819
7.Asakura H,Miura S,Morishita T,et al.Endoscopic and histopathological study on primary and secondary intes-tinal lymphangiectasia.Dig Dis Sci,1981,26:312~320
8.Bac DJ,van Hagen PM,Postema PT,et al.Octreotide for protein-losing enteropathy with intestinal lymphan-giectasia.Lancet,1995,345:1639
9.Bliss CM,Schroy PC.Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol,2004,7(1):3~6
10.Connor FL,Angelides S,Gibson M,et al.Successful resection of localized intestinal lymphangiectasia post-fon-tan:role of 99mTechnetium-dextran scintigraphy.Pediatrica,2003,112:242~247
11.Filik L,Oguz P,Koksal A,Koklu S,Sahin B.A case with intestinal lymphangiectasia successfully treated with slow-release octreotide.Dig Liver Dis,2004,36(10):687~690
12.Fox U,Lucani G.Disorder of the intestinal mesenteric lymphatic system.Lymphology,1993,26:61~66
13.Lee KH,Churg JK,Lee DS,et al.Intestinal leakage of 99mTechnetium 2MDP in primary intestinal lymphangiec-tasia.J Nucl Med,1996,37:639
14.Loreti L,Masselli G,Melisi MT,et al.Intestinal lymphangiectasia.Rays,2003,28(4):409~416
15.Mine K,Matsubayashi S,Nakai Y,et al.Intestinal lymphangiectasia markedly improved with antiplasmin thera-py.Gastroenterology,1989,96:1596~1599
16.Ming SC,Goldman H.Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.USA:W.B Saunders Company,1992,758~759
17.Persic M.Intestinal lymphangiectasia and protein losing enteropathy responding to small bowel resection.Arch Dis Chil,1998,78:194~196
18.Sternberg SS.Diagnostic surgical pathology.New York:Raven Press,Ltd,1994,1322~1323
19.Waldman TA,Steinfeld JL,Dutcher TF,et al.The role of gastrointestinal system in“idiopathic hypoproteine-mia”.Gastroenterology,1961,41:197
免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。